0th iteration of the theming documentation
Tobias Diekershoff
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# Themes
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* [Home](help)
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To change the look of friendica you have to touch the themes.
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The current default theme is [duepunto zero](https://github.com/friendica/friendica/tree/master/view/theme/duepuntozero) but there are numerous others.
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Have a look at [friendica-themes.com](http://friendica-themes.com) for an overview of the existing themes.
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There are several ways to change a theme.
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You can either directly work on an existing theme.
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But you might loose your changes when the theme is updated by the friendica team.
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In cases where you are almost happy with an existing theme, the easiest way to cover your needs is to create a new theme, inheritating most of the properties of the parent theme and change just minor stuff.
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The beloow for a more detailed description of theme heritage.
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Some themes also allow users to select *variants* of the theme.
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Those theme variants most often contain an additional [CSS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS) file to override some styling of the default theme values.
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From the themes in the main repository *duepunto zero* and *vier* are using this methods for variations.
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Third you can start your theme from scratch.
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Which is the most complex way to change friendicas look.
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But it leaves you the most freedom.
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So below for a detailed description and the meaning of some special files.
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## Styling
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If you want to change the styling of a theme, have a look at the themes CSS file.
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In most cases, you can found these in
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/view/theme/<your-theme-name>/style.css
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sometimes, there is also a file called style.php in the theme directory.
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This is only needed if the theme allowes the user to change certain things of the theme dynamically.
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Say the font size or set a background image.
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If you want to change the structure of the theme, you need to change the templates used by the theme.
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Friendica themes are using [SMARTY3](http://www.smarty.net/) for templating.
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The default template can be found in
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/view/templates
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if you want to override any template within your theme create your version of the template in
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/view/theme/<your-theme-name>/templates
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any template that exists there will be used instead of the default one.
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The same rule applies to the JavaScript files found in
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/js
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they will be overwritten by files in
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/view/theme/<your-theme-name>/js.
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## Expand an existing Theme
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### A new Variation for duepuntozero
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In
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/view/theme/duepuntozero/deriv
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you find a couple of CSS files that define color derivations from the duepunto theme.
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These resemble some of the now as unsupported marked themes, that were inherited by the duepunto theme.
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Darkzero and Easter Bunny for example.
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The selection of the colorset is done in a combination of a template for a new form in the settings and aome functions in the theme.php file.
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The template (theme_settings.tpl)
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<script src="{{$baseurl}}/view/theme/quattro/jquery.tools.min.js"></script>
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{{include file="field_select.tpl" field=$colorset}}
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<div class="settings-submit-wrapper">
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<input type="submit" value="{{$submit}}" class="settings-submit" name="duepuntozero-settings-submit" />
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</div>
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defines a formular consisting of a [select](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/select) pull-down which contains all aviable variants and s submit button.
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See the documentation about [SMARTY3 templates](/help/snarty3-templates.md) for a summary of friendica specific blocks other then the select element.
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The template alone wont work.
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You make friendica aware of its existance and tell it how to use the template file, by defining a config.php file.
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It needs to define at lest the following functions
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* theme_content
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* theme_post
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and may also define functions for the admin interface
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* theme_admin
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* theme_admin_post.
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theme_content and theme_admin are used to make the form available in the settings, repectively the admin panel.
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The _post functions handle the processing of the send form, in this case they save to selected variand in friendicas database.
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To make your own variation all you need to do is to create a new CSS file in the deriv directoy and include it in the array in the config.php:
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$colorset = array(
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'default'=>t('default'),
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'greenzero'=>t('greenzero'),
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'purplezero'=>t('purplezero'),
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'easterbunny'=>t('easterbunny'),
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'darkzero'=>t('darkzero'),
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'comix'=>t('comix'),
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'slackr'=>t('slackr'),
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);
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the 1st part of the line is the name of the CSS file (without the .css) the 2nd part is the common name of the variant.
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The selected 1st part will be saved in the database by the theme_post function.
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function theme_post(&$a){
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// non local users shall not pass
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if(! local_user())
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return;
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// if the one specific submit button was pressed then proceed
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if (isset($_POST['duepuntozero-settings-submit'])){
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// and save the selection key into the personal config of the user
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set_pconfig(local_user(), 'duepuntozero', 'colorset', $_POST['duepuntozero_colorset']);
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}
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}
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Now that this information is set in the databes, what should friendica do with it?
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For this, have a look at the theme.php file of the theme.
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There you'll find somethink alike
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$colorset = get_pconfig( local_user(), 'duepuntozero','colorset');
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if (!$colorset)
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$colorset = get_config('duepuntozero', 'colorset');
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if ($colorset) {
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if ($colorset == 'greenzero')
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$a->page['htmlhead'] .= '<link rel="stylesheet" href="view/theme/duepuntozero/deriv/greenzero.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />'."\n";
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/* some more variants */
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}
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so you'll just need to add a if selection, fitting your variant keyword and link to the CSS file of it.
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Done.
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Now you can use the variant on your system.
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But remember once the theme.php or the config.php you have to readd your variant to them.
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*More of less the same procedure works for the vier theme.*
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### Inheritation
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Say, you like the duepuntozero but you want to have the content of the outer columns left and right exchanged.
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That would be not a color variation as shown above.
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Instead we will create a new theme, duepuntozero_lr, inherit the properties of duepuntozero and make small changes to the underlying php files.
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So create a directory called duepunto_lr and create a file called theme.php with your favorite text editor.
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The content of this file should be something like
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<?php
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/* meta informations for the theme, see below */
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function duepuntozero_lr_init(&$a) {
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$a-> theme_info = array(
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'extends' => 'duepuntozero'.
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);
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set_template_engine($a, 'smarty3');
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/* and more stuff e.g. the JavaScript function for the header */
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}
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Next take the default.php file found in the /view direcotry and exchange the aside and right_aside elements.
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So the central part of the file now looks like this:
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<body>
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<?php if(x($page,'nav')) echo $page['nav']; ?>
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<aside><?php if(x($page,'right_aside')) echo $page['right_aside']; ?></aside>
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<section><?php if(x($page,'content')) echo $page['content']; ?>
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<div id="page-footer"></div>
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</section>
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<right_aside><?php if(x($page,'aside')) echo $page['aside']; ?></right_aside>
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<footer><?php if(x($page,'footer')) echo $page['footer']; ?></footer>
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</body>
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Finally we need a style.css file, inheriting the definitions from the parent theme and containing out changes for the new theme.
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@import url('../duepuntozero/style.css');
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Done.
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But I agree it is not really useful at this state.
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Nevertheless, to use it, you just neet to activate in the admin panel.
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That done, you can select it in the settings like any other activated theme.
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## Creating a Theme from Scratch
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Keep patient.
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Basically what you have to do is identifying which template you have to change so it looks more like what you want.
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Adopt the CSS of the theme accordingly.
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And iterate the process until you have the theme the way you want it.
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## Special Files
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### unsupported
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If a file (which might be empty) exists in the theme directory, the theme is marked as *unsupported*.
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An unsupported theme may not be selected by a user in the settings.
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Users who are already using it wont notice anything.
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### README(.md)
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The contents of this file, with or without the .md which indicates [Markdown](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/) syntax, will be displayed at most repository hosting services and in the theme page within the admin panel of friendica.
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This file should contain information you want to let others know about your theme.
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### screenshot.[png|jpg]
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If you want to have a preview image of your theme displayed in the settings you should take a screenshot and save it with this name.
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Supported formats are PNG and JPEG.
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### theme.php
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This is the main definition file of the theme.
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In the header of that file, some meta information are stored.
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For example, have a look at the theme.php of the *quattro* theme:
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<?php
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/**
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* Name: Quattro
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* Version: 0.6
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* Author: Fabio <http://kirgroup.com/profile/fabrixxm>
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* Maintainer: Fabio <http://kirgroup.com/profile/fabrixxm>
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* Maintainer: Tobias <https://f.diekershoff.de/profile/tobias>
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*/
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You see the definition of the themes name, it's version and the initial author of the theme.
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These three information should be listed.
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If the original author is not anymore working on the theme, but a maintainer has taken over, the maintainer should be listed as well.
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The information from the theme header will be displayed in the admin panelö.
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Next crucial part of the theme.php file is a definition of an init function.
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The name of the function is <theme-name>_init.
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So in the case of quattro it is
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function quattro_init(&$a) {
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$a->theme_info = array();
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set_template_engine($a, 'smarty3');
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}
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Here we have set the basic theme information, in this case they are empthy.
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But the array needs to be set.
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And we have set the template engine that should be used by friendica for this theme.
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At the moment you should use the *smarty3* engine.
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There once was a friendica specific templating engine as well but that is not used anymore.
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If you like to use another templating engine, please implement it.
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When you want to inherit stuff from another theme you have to *announce* this in the theme_info:
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$a->theme_info = array(
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'extends' => 'duepuntozero',
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);
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which declares *duepuntozero* as parent of the theme.
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If you want to add something to the HTML header of the theme, one way to do so is by adding it to the theme.php file.
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To do so, add something alike
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$a->page['htmlhead'] .= <<< EOT
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/* stuff you want to add to the header */
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EOT;
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The $a variable holds the friendica application.
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So you can access the properties of this friendica session from the theme.php file as well.
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### default.php
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This file covers the structure of the underlying HTML layout.
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The default file is in
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/view/default.php
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if you want to change it, say adding a 4th column for banners of your favourite FLOSS projects, place a new default.php file in your theme directory.
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